الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Worldwide, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of the death. Coronary artery disease alone accounts for almost 20% of all deaths in Europe annually. Gender differences in clinical manifestation, diagnostic tools and outcomes of coronary artery disease are well described. For a proper decision making in coronary artery disease, gender is an important coronary artery disease risk factor which has to be taken in consideration beside other known risk factors.
The aim of this study was to investigate and establish correlations and differences between angiographic findings and ECG presentations among males and females who were admitted for coronary angiography at Alexandria Main University Hospital.
This study was carried out on 50 patients distributed equally in males and females.
All patients were subjected to:
• Detailed history
• A full clinical evaluation
• Standard resting 12 leads ECG recorded in the morning before coronary angiography
• Coronary angiography
The correlation between coronary angiography findings and ECG presentations has been established, and the role of ECG in predicting the culprit vessel has been determined in calculating its sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and its positive predictive value.
The results of this study showed no significant gender differences in relation to age. Females were found more likely with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and valvular heart disease, whereas males were more encountered with history of current smoking habit, prior myocardial infarction, uncontrolled hypertension, an ejection fraction less than 50%, diastolic dysfunction and the presence of regional wall motion abnormality. Acute coronary syndrome was the most mode of presentation found more likely in men than in women. Normal ECG was found in 7 male and 11 female.
ECG abnormalities, such as ischaemic ECG changes, bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmias except atrial fibrillation, abnormal axis deviation, abnormal position of the heart and shortened QT interval were found predominantly in men. At the other hand, women were found more likely with clockwise rotation of the heart, widened QRS complex, atrial fibrillation and prolonged QT interval.
As regard to coronary angiography, transfemoral artery was the most used approach in this study in both sexes. Significant lesions were present in 70% of men and in 56% of women regardless of the affected vessel. Women had less extensive lesions than men. Left main stem with significant lesions was found only in one woman. There were no gender differences in complete total occlusion. But, collateral circulation was found more commonly in women than men. The most dominant artery was RCA in both sexes