الفهرس 
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Abstract
Comprising anti-microbial performance and the mechanical characteristics of sport socks knitted regarding theoretical modeling, it is assumed that various fabric structures demonstrate different mechanical and functional properties. This matter is the base of samples preparation and plan of experiments. Different socks structures (jersey and rib structure) with various constructions parameters were made, these parameters are:-
Different structures (Jersey-Rib).
Different ratios of Spandex yarns (from 11% to & 15%).
Different ratios of eco-friendly materials (bamboo fibers from 0% to 85%).
Different designs for sports socks (Quarter length socks - Calf Length Socks). Quarter length socks go a little above your ankles and cover till your shins. They give you good coverage and protect the back of your feet while Calf length socks cover up to your calf muscles and a little below your knee. Usually, sportspeople and athletes wear these because of the protection they give.
In the experimental study, two groups of socks (Quarter length socks - Calf Length Socks) were knitted from cotton and regenerated cellulosic bamboo blend with nylon and spandex in different ratios. All socks were knitted on the same hosiery machine by controlling the machine adjustment and using different constructions. Twenty-four weft knitted sports socks samples were produced using two different structures (jersey and rib structure) with various raw materials in the same hosiery machine.
Results of testing of Calf length sports socks are illustrated and discussed in order to optimize the functional properties of sports socks design. For convenience, the results are presented under: -
Weight.
Thickness.
Air permeability.
Absorption.
Bursting strength.
Abrasion resistance.
Pilling.
Antimicrobial.
A knitted structure consists of interlacing loops and properties of these fabrics depending on the relationships and production methods of these loops. Therefore, investigating the characteristics of weft knitted fabrics by structure is useful when designing fabrics for sports socks. It is cleared that; there is difference in the functional properties according to the construction of experimental samples. Rib structure recorded higher weight, thickness, absorption, bursting strength, abrasion and pilling resistance values compared to jersey structures due to that the rib fabrics which are knitted in two needle series (cylinder/dial in circular in circular knitting machines) have two series of courses in two surfaces. In these kinds of knitted fabrics, the loops are connected together in two directions of both courses. Therefore, it seems rib fabrics can present higher values in comparison with plain ones. The results indicate that rib structure has lower air permeability values than jersey structure. The existence of this decline is most probably a consequence of the thicker structure of rib fabric, where the transportation of air through a thick fabric will be difficult while the open structure of jersey fabric gives the ability to the air to pass through fabric without any obstacles due to the lower thickness of the fabric compared to rib structure.
Together, fiber content and method of construction create the final properties of the fabric. The development of knitted fabrics with incorporated spandex has increased in recent decades. Knitting with these elasticized yarns usually results in a very compact structure.
Twelve samples of Calf length sports socks in different ratio of spandex yarns (from 11% to 15%) were produced in hosiery weft knitting machine by using various yarn count (40 & 70 Dtex) according to the research plan to determine the best specification. It is cleared that; the amount of spandex is significant effect on functional properties of produced sports socks. As the amount of spandex increases the fabric weight, thickness, absorption, bursting strength, abrasion and pilling resistance values increase while air permeability values decrease because the greater the amount of spandex percentage, the tighter the fabric that causes increasing of stitch density and fabric cover factor which prevent air to pass smoothly.
Bamboo fiber is cellulose based fiber with good water absorption capacity, breathability, as well as it is environmentally friendly and has a fast drying behavior. It is produced from bamboo plant, which is a renewable, degradable, abundant and cheap natural resource. Twelve samples of Calf length sports socks in different ratios of Bamboo yarns (0%- 41%- 43%- 81%-85%) were produced in hosiery weft knitting machine by using various fabric compositions for both used structures (Jersey-Rib) according to the research plan to determine the best specification.
It was obvious that, there is indirect relationship between bamboo ratio % and functional properties of produced sports socks. As the bamboo ratio % increases, the sports socks weight and thickness were decreased because bamboo fiber has smaller molecular mass and degree of polymerization than other best fibers. In other wise, As the bamboo ratio % increases, the sports socks absorption, bursting strength, air permeability, abrasion and pilling resistance values increase because of the hole structure of the fiber. The most prominent attribute of bamboo material is its remarkable ability to breathe and its inherent coolness. The transverse section of bamboo fiber is predominantly filled with innumerable micro gaps and micro holes, a characteristic that confers on the fiber-enhanced absorption. Bamboo fibers have good mechanical properties with this unique microstructure.
Wearing sports socks without appropriate antibacterial footwear, leads to severe foot irritation and discomfort. The foremost target of anti-bacterial sports socks is to reject bacteria growing in the existence of heat and moisture that give rise to infections of the body and cause allergies. The growing rate of bacteria for bamboo is small against cotton. The normal antimicrobial influence of bamboo does not permit the growing of organisms, where bamboo actually repels the colonization of both E. coli and S. aureus, which is a symptom of bamboo’s antimicrobial resistance merits. The bactericide properties is primarily related to the existence of a bio-agent ‘‘bamboo Kun ” in the fiber, which bonds tightly with bamboo cellulose molecules. The growth rate of micro-organisms on 100% cotton is the highest. It is clear that using a small percentage of Elastane in sports socks affects a little bit its antimicrobial property negatively. It is reasonable that adding Elastane decreases bamboo and cotton percentage inside the fabric which as a result decreases the antimicrobial activity.
The general survivability of the test organism E. coli was less compared to S. aureus. This analysis indicated that bamboo potentially resists the colonization of both E. coli and S. aureus from the second day of incubation, which is an indication of bamboo’s antimicrobial resistance characteristic. It can be concluded that the antifungal resistance of bamboo, cotton and mixed bam/cot are equally efficient. Generally, all the tested samples resisted the growth of A. niger and Candida albicans.
Different designs for sports socks (Quarter length socks - Calf Length Socks). Quarter length socks go a little above your ankles and cover till your shins. They give you good coverage and protect the back of your feet while Calf length socks cover up to your calf muscles and a little below your knee. Usually, sportspeople and athletes wear these because of the protection they give. All these findings are an important tool in the design of healthy comfortable active sports socks