الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Since the beginning of recorded time, the breast has been a symbol of motherhood, femininity, and sexuality. It has been portrayed throughout history in works of art symbolizing each of these aspects of a woman’s life . Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Over the last two decades, breast cancer research has led to extraordinary progress in our understanding of the disease, resulting in more efficient and less toxic treatments. Increased public awareness and improved screening have led to earlier diagnosis at stages amenable to complete surgical resection and curative therapies. Consequently, survival rates for breast cancer have improved significantly, particularly in younger women. All of mastectomy techniques resulted in significant disfigurement because the breast parenchyma was removed. In order to improve the physical disfigurement, breast reconstruction was introduced and popularized. Reconstructive options include local tissues, prosthetic devices, musculocutaneous flaps, and perforator flaps. The evolution of these techniques has made a significant impact and ultimately led to the development of oncoplastic surgical techniques. In an effort to reduce the incidence of local recurrence and maintain natural breast contour, the concept of oncoplastic surgery was introduced. Oncoplastic surgery differs from standard Breast conservative therapy in that the margin and volume of excision are typically greater than in lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. The resultant deformity is reconstructed immediately using techniques related to volume replacement or volume displacement that include adjacent tissue rearrangement, reduction mammoplasty, or distant flaps. Contralateral procedures can be performed immediately at the time of partial breast reconstruction or on a delayed basis. Oncoplastic techniques have resulted in survival and local recurrence rates that are essentially equal to those of MRM. Oncoplastic surgery in order to be safe and effectively performed, patients should be properly selected and properly consented for these procedures. Surgeons should be aware of all aspects related to the recovery and well-being of these women. These include not only recurrence and survival but also donor site considerations, secondary procedures, and effects over time.