الفهرس 
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Abstract
In ovo injection of nano selenium (Se) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB-nano Se) was investigated on the hatchability, and the immune responses alterations in hatched chicks. The eggs (18 d age) were injected with 0.5 ml of 0.9 % NaCl (normal saline, NS), while the control group was kept without injection. In the third, fourth, and fifth groups, the eggs were injected with 0.5 ml of NS and LAB-nano Se at 10, 20, and 30 μg/egg. The results revealed improved growth performance in groups injected with LAB- nano Se when compared to the control treatment. The highest final weight and weight gain were noticed in 20 μg LAB-nano Se /egg group (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced in all treated groups when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Groups injected with LAB- nano Se showed enhanced hatchability of the whole incubated eggs (P<0.05). Total lipids and cholesterol levels were decreased significantly in groups treated with LAB-nano Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg when compared to the non-treated group. At the same time, globulin was increased by LAB-nano Se in ovo injection. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase increased in groups treated with LAB- nano Se at 10 and 20 μg/egg with insignificant (P>0.05) differences with those treated with LAB- nano Se at 30 μg/egg using in ovo injection technique. Also, higher total blood protein and phagocytosis were significantly observed in groups treated with at 10, 20, and 30 μg LAB-nano Se /egg. To conclude, LAB-nano Se exhibited beneficial effects in hatched chicks through improving immune and antioxidant activities as well as histopathological effects by using in ovo technique.