الفهرس 
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Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is both the most commonly occurring cancer and the commonest cause of cancer death among women.
Early detection is an important strategy to improve outcomes as there are few signs and symptoms early.
Therapy has progressed substantially over the past years with a reduction in therapy intensity, both for loco-regional and systemic therapy; avoiding overtreatment, also under treatment has become a major focus. Therapy concepts follow a curative intent and need to be decided in a multidisciplinary setting, taking molecular subtype and loco-regional tumour load into account.
Risk factors for breast cancer include increasing age, race, menarche history, reproductive patterns, hormonal use, alcohol use, tobacco use, diet, physical activity, and body habitus.
Many recent studies have established that genetic factor also had a vital role in progression of breast cancer.
A positive family history of breast cancer is an established risk factor for the disease. Women who have one first degree relative with breast cancer have about a twofold increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Genetic polymorphisms may account for why some people are more sensitive than others to environmental carcinogens such as exogenous estrogens and alcohol. A large number of genetic variants have been reported to be associated with breast cancer risk but relatively few low-penetrance polymorphisms have been consistently associated with the disease.
The TNRC9 /LOC643714 locus on chromosome 16 was one of the first breast cancer regions to be identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) in populations of European and East Asian origin.
The current study was carried out at the Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University
The aim of this study was to study the association of polymorphisms TNRC9 (rs3803662) and LOC643714 (rs12922061) and risk of breast cancer in Egyptian females and to correlate them with the clinicopathological features and the overall survival in patients.
Full history and clinical examination were made to every subject. Laboratory investigations were also carried out to all individuals including: serum tumor markers (CEA and CA15-3) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and detection of TNRC9 (rs3803662) and LOC643714 (rs12922061) single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA extracted from whole blood samples by real time PCR using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay technique.