الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 131 |  |  |
| | | from | 131 | | |
Abstract
Traumatic head injury is one of the leading causes to severe morbidity and death among children. It is a very frequent cause of presentation to the emergency department. This condition accounts in the USA for more than 500 000 visits a year in children. The vast majority of children with mild TBI, defined as GCS 13–15, have no intracranial injury (ICI): a lesion is seen in 3–7% of these children undergoing CT and only 0.1–0.6% need a neurosurgical intervention. Consequences of a missed ICI may be devastating and its symptoms or signs, such as vomiting, headache or amnesia, are often misleading. CT is therefore performed in almost 50% of children with mild TBI as this is the only diagnostic tool to detect an ICI in the emergency setting. However, overuse of CT scans has been called into question because the ionising radiation can lead to lethal malignancies. This rate can be as high as 1 in 1000 head CT scans, with younger children being more susceptible. During the past years, several serum biomarkers have been introduced for use in the diagnosis of TBI including S100B and NSE. Serum biomarkers may be used as a supplementary tool to identify patients at risk for intracerebral lesions, tagging them for further imaging. S100B protein, which is well established as a sensitive TBI biomarker, is one of the calcium-binding proteins found in glial cells. It is a small dimeric cytosolic protein (21 kDa) consisting of ββ or αβ chains. It is involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.
The study is aimed to assess the validity of Protein S 100B in Mild Pediatric Head trauma.
This is a prospective study, was carried out 160 pediatric patients with mild head trauma presented to Emergency Department, were evaluated clinically by PECARN decision rule and taking blood sample for S100B protein then CT Brain for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury.