الفهرس 
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Abstract
T1DM is one of the more dangerous diseases because it is an autoimmune
disease results from full destruction of ß-cells of Langerhans in pancreas by
autoimmunity of patient causes increasing of both B.S.L. and urine sugar level.
Most patients were normal people with a good health suddenlyattacked and
symptoms begins, patients children and young people, some of them were
diagnosed at the age of 6 months, large numbers of T1DM are misdiagnosed as
T2DM leading to sever symptoms which may lead to death.
Our search studied how the role of (HLADQA1exon2 gene) in mutations
leads to T1DM. Our gene is one of HLA genes related to HLA class ΙΙ located on
chromosome 6 we aimed to know the gene affected by physiological parameters
of patients.
Samples were collected from voluntaries’ intravenous blood, and were have
some clinical analysis to determine degree of physiological damage. At the same
time genomic analysis were performed for samples by using PCR to specify gene
sequence, amplifying it , and using gel electrophoresis to isolate the gene for
DNA sequencing. By using the Bioinformatic analysis, we collected more
information about the gene and its role in T1DM--- using GENBEE program to
predict the transcripted RNA from the gene predicting translated protein.
We find that translated protein have some mutations as a result of
miss,substitution, and add some nucleotides based on using SNP which lead to
change the expected translated protein in groups no. A1,A2, A3, and A4 results
on T1DM .
By using ONLINEGENEBEE SERVICES we can predict the secondary
structure of RNA results from HLA-DQA1 exon2 gene indicates that (stema) and
( free energy) released from groups (A1,A2,and A3) were less than that released
from the same normal gene documented in NCBI ref. so rete if protein production
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in these groups were little more than that in normal in NCBIref. , but it is not
functional, while in group A4 free energy produced was more than that in normal
indicated in NCBI ref. ,so rate of protein production was less than that indicated
in NCBIref. and normal group.
We can conclude results in thissearch in:
Physiological parameters in our cases were normal because of regular
administration of their medication (insulin) ,while molecular genomic analysis for
HLA-DQA1 exon2 geneclarified that there were a mutation in all cases when
compared to normal in NCBI ref. .
Finally, we wanted to shed light on the necessary of using molecular biological
analyses as a diagnostic tool to emphasis cases with T1DM