الفهرس 
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Abstract
Increased attention to benefit from industrial waste in most countries of the
world to preserve the environment, as well as because of its industrial and
commercial importance through reuse, especially as natural resources are
constantly decreasing and their prices are increasing.
One of the industrial wastes that many countries of the world try to benefit
from is the sugar industry.
One of the most important by-products of the sugar industry is molasses and
fully exploited in Egypt in animal nutrition and yeast industry acetone and ethyl
alcohol, which led to the emergence of a new waste called vinasse.
Vinasse is a liquid produced from the fermentation of molasses to produce
ethyl alcohol, vinasse which represents a real environmental problem, where one
liter of ethyl alcohol leaves behind about 12-17 liters of liquid vinasse, with a
high concentration of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD). So getting rid of vinasse in sea, river Nile and drainages causes
the environment pollution.
Scientists are attempting to make use of this material in many different areas
in soil fertilization, forage, thermal brick and black carbon, as well as in
construction as an addition to the concrete. It has also been a trend to dry this
liquid for easy transport and storage. Dry vinasse is used in land fertilization and
as fodder for animals.
Abstract
VI
2. AIM
The aim of this study is to study the effect of using dry vinasse in the concrete
field, as a chemical admixture. In this study, dry vinasse is used as an admixture
in concrete and studying its effect on the properties of both fresh and hardened
concrete, also some durability and X-ray diffraction tests were carried out for the
concrete.
The methodology of the study was based on using doses of 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%,
0.5% (by cement weight) of dry vinasse. The tests were carried out on three mixes
with different cement contents (3, 3.5 and 4 KN/m3) of the concrete. This research
is divided into four main chapters.
Chapter 1:
Represents a brief for concrete and its ingredient. In addition, it deals with the
previous work, concerning the effect of sugar and sugar by-products on cement
paste and concrete.
Chapter 2:
Illustrates an experimental program, used materials and devices,
instrumentation as well as the procedure of conducting experimental tests.
This study was done as follows:
1- The setting time for cement paste was determined and the compressive
strength for mortar was determined at different doses of Dry Vinasse.
2- The setting time was compared with and without the use of Dry Vinasse for
concrete with cement content 3.5 KN/m3.
Abstract
VII
3- The air-content of fresh mixed concrete by pressure method was determined
at different doses of Dry Vinasse.
4- Water-reducing effect in three mixes with different cement content (3, 3.5, 4
KN/m3) was worked out for different doses of dry vinasse.
5- Using standard cube specimens for 7,28,90 and 180 days, compressive
strength were determined.
6- Splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete with various doses
of dry vinasse were determined.
7- The durability test is done after 180 days after cured the cubes in water for 28
days and then immersed in a solution 10% sodium sulfate.
Chapter 3:
Includes the theoretical analysis and discussion of obtained test results.
Chapter 4:
Deals with the most important conclusion and main finding based on the
obtained data of the effect of using dry vinasse on properties of concrete and
mortar. The most important finding are:
For cement paste, water – cement ratio increases by increasing doses of
dry vinasse.
For mortar, compressive strength increases with 0.2% dose of dry vinasse,
it reaches to 19.8% and 14.95% at ages 7 and 28 respectively, then it
decreases by increasing the content of dry vinasse.
By increasing the doses of dry vinasse, the setting time of concrete
increase.