الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Currently, the most renewable energy production is produced depending on wind and solar
energy are widely used in developed countries and some developing countries; Lately, the
means of producing electricity using renewable energy sources have become
commonplace, and there are many countries that have put in place plans to increase the
percentage of their production of renewable energy so that they cover their energy needs
by 20% of their consumption in 2020. Photovoltaic panels are used to convert solar energy
into electrical energy. When photovoltaic panels are fixed at a particular angle, limited
power can be generated. This disadvantage can be decreased by designing a solar tracker
system which changes its position automatically in accordance with the sun’s movement.
Dual axis solar tracker can continuously track the position of the sun in vertical and
horizontal directions. This paper aims to implement the most accurate control application
of dual-axis solar tracker which can rotate in horizontal and vertical direction that grantee
the photovoltaic panel remains perpendicular always facing the sun. The fabricated tracker
achieves higher efficiency so the solar panel remains a sun-oriented position at all times
using two linear DC motors, an Arduino UNO controller and some auxiliary components
to improve the energy generated from PV panels up to 36%.
Solar tracking systems are of several types and can be classified according to several
criteria. A first classification can be made depending on the number of rotation axes. Thus
we can distinguish solar tracking systems with a rotation axis, respectively with two
rotation axes. Since solar tracking implies moving parts and control systems that tend to
be expensive, single-axis tracking systems seem to be the best solution for small PV
power plants. Single axis trackers will usually have a manual elevation (axis tilt)
adjustment on the second axis which is adjusted at regular intervals throughout the year.
Among the proposed solutions for improving the efficiency of PV conversion, we can
mention solar tracking, the optimization of solar cell configuration and geometry, new
materials and technologies, etc. The solar tracking system is the most common method of
increasing the efficiency of solar photo module. This study presents the efficiencies of
energy conversion of photo module with solar tracking system and fixed photo module.
The proposed sun tracking system uses 4 photo resistors, which are mounted on the sides
of the photo module.
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As a result of the lack of efficiency of electricity generation from fixed solar cells, so
researchers have resorted to the method of tracking the sun for maximum ability of solar
energy through the use of motors to control and move the solar panels to track down the
sun. The proposed solar tracking system should satisfy certain technical requirements
specific to the studied application, as follows:
- Minimum energy consumption, for the maximization of global efficiency of the
installation and optimum performance-cost ratio.
- Reliability in operation, under different perturbation conditions (wind, dust, rain,
important temperature variations).
- Simplicity of movement solution (motor, gears, sensors), to diminish the cost and
to increase the viability.
Solar tracking system offers several advantages concerning the movement command of the
PV panel:
- An optimum cost/performance ratio, which is achieved via the simplicity of the
adopted mechanical solution and the flexibility of the intelligent command
strategy.
- A minimum of energy consumption, due to the fact that the panel movement is
carried out only in justified cases, eliminating unnecessary consumption of energy,
and due to the cutting of the power circuits supply between the movement periods
of the PV panel.
- A maximization of output energy produced by the PV panel, through an optimal
positioning executed only for sufficient values of light signal intensity.
- A guarantee of the panel positioning starting from any initial position of the PV
panel.
- The possibility of extending this solution to an array of PV panels, connected to
each other, with inter-connected operability by CAN protocol communication
among the panels and managed by a central computation unit for monitoring and
control.