الفهرس 
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Abstract
The complex structure and function of the human kidney has inspired many researchers to analyze the nature of the alterations produced by renal pathologies. Morphological and physiological studies have established the general conclusion of the ultrafiltration of blood plasma in the glomerulus with reabsorption of various solutes and water in different segmental of the tubules. The exchange of fluids and solutes across capillary walls was first described by Starling more than a century ago.The plasma proteins exert an osmotic pressure, which is counteracted by the hydrostatic blood-tissue gradient. Imbalance between the osmotic and hydrostatic pressures results in the movement of fluid across the capillary wall, which in the kidneys results in the formation of urine.