الفهرس 
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Abstract
THE SUMMARY
This study was set to provide an anatomic reference to the gross anatomy, topography, and morphometry of the pelvic cavity in goats, using ultrasonography and computed tomography compared to standard sectional anatomy procedure. Besides, we aimed to provide photographs that will be of essential importance for veterinary anatomists, radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians in addition to establishing an appropriate three-dimension model of the pelvis of Baladi goats. Also, evaluation of different diagnostic imaging techniques as a safe and cheap technique in examination of pelvic cavity and pelvimetry. The present study was carried out Twenty-one normal, clinically healthy and not suffering from any pelvic disorder. 12 female and 9 male Baladi goat were obtained from department of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University and Menoufia governorate. Weight ranged from 20–35 kg and age between 8-18 months. Examination of the pelvis was done through morphological assessment, computed tomography, radiological and ultrasonographical examination.
1-Morphological evaluation
Five goats were obtained from Menoufia governorate and slaughtered to obtain the pelvic bone after the cleaning and drying procedures. The following results were obtained: The pelvic girdle consisted of the union of three bones ischium, pubis and ilium and last three caudal vertebrae. The ilium consisted of two parts including wing and body. the iliac wing was broad. The iliac crest was concave. The body of the right and left bones were parallel to each other. The body of ilium was elongated. The psoas minor tubercle is not clear. There was a deep fossa for attachment of rectus femoris muscle. The pubis has two rami. Cranial ramus and a wider caudal ramus. Iliopubic eminence was sharp and thin. There was deep greater ischiatic notch. There was a lateral process extend from ischiatic tuberosity and directed ventrolaterally. The acetabulum was rounded. The obturator foramen was ovoid
Then with using of a measuring tape the internal pelvic diameters were determined. The transverse diameter mean value was 7.13cm, the vertical diameter mean value was 8.18cm and the conjugate diameter mean value was 9.64cm. The angle between the conjugate and vertical diameters is pelvic angle or inclination angle and its mean was 12.6 °
Three male baladi goats and fourfemale baladi goats were obtained for examination of the topography of pelvic cavity. the goats were sedated and sacrificed through bleeding from the common carotid artery through a cannula which was used in flowing the embalming fluid of 10% formalin for cadaver fixation. Then the female cadavers were kept in a deep freezer at (-20 o C) on lateral recumbency for a week then it was cut longitudinally using an electric saw across, then each serial section was numbered, cleaned and photographed using Nikon Coolpix B600 (60x optical zoom lens) to be used as a model for assessing the anatomical features of the pelvic cavity as whole. The pelvic cavity was bounded by sacrum and first three caudal vertebrae dorsally, and pubis and ischium ventrally and ilium laterally. The pelvic cavity enclosed part of rectum, uterus (in case of female), (male accessory sex glands in male), urinary bladder and ureters. The pretonium reflected on these organs creating pelvic pouches. It is reflected between urinary bladder and pubis forming pubovesical pouch, then between urinary bladder and female genital tract in case of doe or accessory sex glands in case of buck forming vesicogenital pouch, and between female genital tract and rectum forming rectogenital pouch.