الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that lies in an oblique position, sloping pward from the C-loop of the duodenum to the splenic hilum [Fig. 1]. In an adult, the ancreas weighs 75 to 100 g and is about 15 to 20 cm long (Fisher et al., 2010). The ancreas is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland enveloped by a thin layer of connective issue (Flay and Gorelick, 2004). Most cells in the pancreas have an exocrine function, anufacturing digestive enzymes. A small proportion of pancreatic cells (about 1 million) aggregated into small clusters (tens of cells to several thousand cells) and are scattered hroughout the exocrine cells. These aggregations, the islets of Langerhans, contain at least our different cell types which are densely innervated with autonomic and peptidergic erves. Despite accounting for only 2% of the mass of the pancreas, the islets receive 10% f the pancreatic blood flow (Tan, 2005). The pancreas has four parts: the head, neck ody, and tail. The head of the pancreas is located in the cap of the duodenum.