الفهرس 
الفصل الأوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Introduction of the Study:
Egypt has witnessed increased attention to the development of education, especially general secondary education, as the development of this stage of education represents a national affair, a social demand and a development imperative. General secondary education represents a bottleneck for the Egyptian education system, and is one of the important stages in terms of a role in building the human being, as it mediates two stages The stage of basic education, which aims to develop students’ abilities and aptitudes and provide them with the necessary amount of values, behaviors, knowledge and scientific skills that are consistent with the conditions of their different environments, and the stage of higher and university education that prepares students for academic or applied education, and between these two stages, general secondary education stands in order to play a dual role, which is preparation The student for working life and to pursue higher and university education at the same time.
Our educational system, in its current form, faces many obstacles that limit its ability to follow the changes taking place in the era, and this requires choosing an educational policy that is appropriate for society and selecting appropriate formulas for it, which leads to the creation of an enlightened and conscious human being who deals efficiently and competently in the world of language science and trend technology.
Problem of the Study :
General secondary education suffers from a complex set of complex problems, some of which stem from within the educational system itself, and others from the Egyptian societal context, in addition to confusion and randomness in laws and ministerial decisions regarding the development of general secondary education, which made education development processes Secondary operations in Egypt are limited by modification and limited change
One of the obstacles to developing secondary education in Upper Egypt. The majority of secondary schools in Upper Egypt in terms of facilities and equipment and in terms of the cadres working in them are very negative and some of them are limited to the simplest needs, as a result of the financial deficit of schools in Upper Egypt, their lack of funding and financial support, and the weak budget. Classes by male and female teachers in secondary schools in Upper Egypt and school principals not having the leadership skills necessary to implement the
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quality system in their schools, and there are obstacles such as an increase in population and thus a shortage of school buildings, overcrowding of classrooms and a lack of school equipment, and there are other challenges such as the lack of community support Weak community participation, and many students at the secondary school level practice inappropriate behaviors due to the lack of self-awareness and the lack of follow-up and home control. Some of these behaviors have become the subject of bragging among the college instead of being ashamed of them.
Questions of the study:
In light of the above, the study tries to answer the following questions:
1. What is the philosophical framework of general secondary education in Egypt?
3. What are the areas of development of general secondary education in Egypt?
4. What are the obstacles to general secondary education in Egypt?
5. What is the reality of the obstacles facing the development of general secondary education in Upper Egypt?
6. What is the proposed vision for developing general secondary education in Upper Egypt?
Objectives of the study:
1. Learn about the philosophical framework of general secondary education in Egypt.
2. Identify the areas of developing general secondary education in Egypt.
3. Exposing the obstacles to general secondary education in Egypt.
4. Exposing the reality of obstacles to the development of general secondary education in Upper Egypt.
5. Arriving at the proposed vision for developing general secondary education in Upper Egypt.
The significance of the study:
1. The issue of developing general secondary education is considered one of the important topics at present, due to the growing call for educational development for schools in general and the development of secondary education in particular. Development of general secondary education has become an urgent necessity to face many variables and challenges, both local and global, which imposed itself on the educational institution, which necessitated Education development and modernization
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2. The importance of the age stage for students of general secondary education, as it covers a critical period of adolescence, with the changes that accompany and follow from the basic requirements that form the personality of the teenager and determine his behavior and relationships, which requires that the general secondary school seeks to provide various factors to achieve these requirements.
3. The current study raises the interest of the educational planning and educational administration men and all those in charge of the educational process, especially after the change in the perception of education, as it has become a tremendous investment and is no longer just a human service provided by society to its members.
4. Access to results that may help those interested in secondary education to know the most important obstacles that stand in the way of developing secondary education in Upper Egypt.
5. Directing the officials’ attention to the obstacles to the development of secondary education in Upper Egypt
Curriculum of the study:
The study used the descriptive approach, as it is one of the research methodologies concerned with the process of research and investigation about societal, educational and educational phenomena as they exist in the present, describing, diagnosing, analyzing and interpreting them with the aim of discovering the relationships between their elements and arriving through this to meaningful generalizations regarding these phenomena. It is not necessary to develop hypotheses and conduct experiments. And analyze causal relationships
Limitations of the study:
1. Objective boundaries: The study dealt with reforming obstacles to developing public secondary education in Upper Egypt.
2. Spatial boundaries: The spatial domain of this study was restricted to secondary schools in Upper Egypt.
3. Human Limits: The questionnaire was applied to a sample of general secondary school principals and teachers.
Tools of the study:
To obtain the data and information necessary to complete the study and to achieve its objectives, the researcher used a questionnaire that was directed to school principals and teachers to find out the extent of their awareness of the obstacles to developing general secondary education, its implementation procedures, and the most important planning methods currently used in secondary education development programs in particular.
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A summary of the results of the Field Study:
1. Obstacles related to financing for developing general secondary education
Central in financing general secondary education.
Weak community participation to finance secondary education.
Weak support from the private sector for public education schools.
There is a deficit in the sources of financing for general secondary education.
Lack of school facilities and equipment.
2. ”Obstacles related to school administration to develop general secondary education.”
Some school leaders neglect to follow up on the implementation of school plans.
Work is organized according to the whims of the school principal without controls.
School loses a lot of time due to slow routine.
The school administration refuses to make decisions for fear of accountability.
The manager depends on a specific category to accomplish tasks.
Work systems policies and procedures are limited to implementing orders.
Power is concentrated in the hands of the highest leadership only.
Some school leaderships refuse to change
3. ”Teachers’ Obstacles to Developing General Secondary Education.”
The teacher’s role is limited to the academic aspect.
Teachers evaluate students on an ongoing basis.
The low ratio of teachers to students represents an organizational imbalance.
Lack of training for secondary school teachers.
The lack of use of group methods, dialogue and discussion in teaching
4. ”Students’ obstacles to developing general secondary education.”
Private lessons affect school attendance.
The student accepts private lessons more than the school.
Lack of training for students in self-learning to obtain information.
Weak motivation for scientific research at the secondary level.
Poor encouragement for thinking, creativity and discovery.
Absence and being late to school
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5. Obstacles related to curricula and academic activities for developing general secondary education.”
Weak linking secondary education curricula with the environment.
The intensity of classes in the general secondary school.
Poor keeping pace with some curricula of contemporary educational renewal and current and future challenges.
Not allocating enough time to practice practical activities for each subject.
The clear gap between curriculum contents and labor market requirements.
- Teachers ’reliance on rigid memorization and indoctrination method in teaching most subjects.
Weak students ’abilities in proportion to the labor market.
6. ”Obstacles related to evaluation and examinations for the development of general secondary education.”
The prevalence of the traditional calendar, which measures the ability to memorize and memorize.
The evaluation is limited to the cognitive aspects.
The teacher’s lack of use of various tools to evaluate learning outcomes.
Secondary school examinations are not comprehensive
Weak application of modern evaluation systems in evaluating general secondary education students.
- There are no objective evaluation systems in general secondary education.
- Questions for the general secondary examinations take into account individual differences.
- Systems for evaluation in high school students’ preferences and interests
7. ”Requirements for developing general secondary education in Upper Egypt”
- Identifying the problems facing the development of secondary education in schools.
The school administration sets the integrated plan for the development of the school and the achievement of its goals.
- Workers have awareness of the development goals and their importance.
- Secondary education curricula include multiple sources of knowledge and advanced technology in them.