الفهرس 
Classification of MECHANICAL ASSIST DEVICESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of mechanical circulatory support has increased over the past decade for both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventricular assist devices owing to a growing number of devices .
One of the mechanical circulatory support devices is the Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation which is a temporary method that attempts to create more favorable balance of myocardial oxygen supply.
The intraaortic balloon pump is one of the most frequently placed mechanical circulatory support devices which is used in managing cardiogenic shock, intractable angina and myocardial ischemia.
Recently, the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology to provide mechanical circulatory support is increasing in an incremental fashion because Maximal medical therapy can no longer be seen as a justifiable end-point treatment.
In comparison with treatments based on intermittent inotrope infusion programs, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has improved patient survival and quality of life .
At first it was used only as a life-saving therapy for patients ineligible for heart transplantation, but now it is indicated for bridge transplant, myocardial recovery, or destination therapy.
Human’s vital organs failure leads to death unless a replacement is found, The replacement can either be a transplant from another person or an artificial man-made organ.
A layer by layer additive robotic computer-aided biofabrication of functional 3D organ constructs with using self-assembling tissue spheroids is called organ printing which is will be considered an effective alternative for organ transplantation.