الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
from the past decades cisplatin was one of the important antineoplastic drugs to
recover solid tumors such as neck, tests, ovaries, and small cells lung cancer, lymphomas,
stomach, esophagus, pancreas, and bladder. Cisplatin faces restriction of usage due to its
dangerous side effects like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and bone marrow
effects. Nephrotoxicity one of the most harmful side effects of cisplatin. Kidney
accumulated cisplatin higher than other organs, while a cisplatin concentration in proximal
tubules is five-time serum concentration. Furthermore, renal cells uptake cisplatin by
active and passive transport.