الفهرس 
? Diseases of upper gastrointestinal tractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 84 |  |  |
| | | from | 84 | | |
Abstract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): is a chronic disorder of the alimentary tract in which the barrier function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails and gastric juice is allowed to reflux into the esophagus causing symptoms and anatomical lesions. GERD is typically characterized by symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation and can lead to significant complications such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD): is defined as the mucosal break of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to acid peptic digestion resulting in ulcer formation which extends beyond the muscularis mucosae into the submucosa. Most commonly it occurs in the stomach and first part of the duodenum but can also occur in the distal esophagus, distal duodenum, and jejunum and in the Meckel’s diverticulum with heterotrophic gastric mucosa.
Crohn disease (CD) is an idiopathic, chronic regional enteritis that most commonly affects the terminal ileum but has the potential to affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus Untreated CD is characterized by transmural (full thickness) inflammation, involvement of discontinuous segments of the intestine (skip areas), and, in a proportion of cases, by non-necrotizing granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes. Patients present with a range of symptoms, including crampy abdominal pain and diarrhea, which may be complicated by intestinal fistulas, particularly after surgical intervention, by intramural abscesses, and by bowel obstruction.
Celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract that results in an inability to tolerate gliadin, the alcohol-soluble fraction of gluten. Gluten is a protein commonly found in wheat, rye, and barley.
Gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires have been developed to measure the presence and severity of GI symptoms These questionnaires can be used to measure the symptomatic response to treatment more objectively.
This questionnaire included questions about the severity of GI symptoms during the last 4 weeks, rated 0–6, where 0 meant “no complaints” and 6 represented the worst imaginable severity of that symptom. Furthermore, demographic variables, duration of symptoms, overall severity (on a visual analogue scale).
In patients with digestive complaints, endoscopy is the gold standard and is often the primary exploration. Positive findings in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy occur in 30 to 40% in relation to a benign or malignant structural disease. Negative findings occur therefore in 60 to 70% of cases.
This study has been conducted on 100 patients complaining of gastrointestinal symptoms, all patients have been evaluated by upper GI endoscopy to measure the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire and upper GI endoscopy.
There was significant correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire and results of upper gastrointestinal disorders.