الفهرس 
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Abstract
The work was carried out in different localities at El behira, Alexandria and Matrouh governorates, Egypt. This study was designed to estimate rate of ovine abortion in northern Egypt, determine the etiological agents of ovine abortion through serological tests, PCR and isolation and identification of microorganism, and investigate the potential risk factors associated with prevalence of abortion.
A total number of 2115 mature ewes and 527 mature does from 12 flocks from different localities at El behira, Alexandria and Matrouh governorates were examined in this study.
The results revealed that the overall abortion rate was 4.9% with occurrence of 5.1% and 4% in sheep and goats, respectively.
In this study, the results of clinical examination of aborted ewes and does revealed that 90.7% of ewes and 76.2% of does aborted at late stage of pregnancy and had blood tinged vaginal discharges, 24.1% of ewes and 33.3% of does had retained placenta, 17.6% of ewes and 23.8% of does had stillborn feti, and 6.5% of ewes and 4.8% of does had neonatal deaths.
Sera and vaginal swabs were collected from 108 aborted ewes and 21 aborted does.
In our study, the prevalence rate of Brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate test was 51.1% (52.7% in sheep and 42.8% in goats). The highest prevalence was found in age group ranged from 3-5 years as 55.5%. The highest number of infected animals was found in autumn season (75%). The highest prevalence was in Rahmani breed of sheep (77.7%) and Egyptian Baladi of goats (100%). The highest prevalence was in non-grazed flocks (76.4%).
In our study, the prevalence rate of Q fever using ELISA was 42.8% (50% in sheep and 0% in goats). The highest prevalence was found in age group ranged from 1-3 years as 50%. The highest number of infected animals was found in autumn season (75%). The highest prevalence was in Ossemi breed of sheep (100%). The highest prevalence was in non-grazed flocks (50%).
The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) is often used as a rapid screening test and considered as a reliable test in the diagnosis of Brucellosis. where six vaginal swabs were collected from seronegative animals by RPPT and tested them using Real-time PCR. The results revealed that no Brucella sp. was detected in all examined samples. Sera samples were collected from 10 animals (five of them were positive and others were negative with RBPT) and tested them using conventional PCR. The results revealed that Brucella sp. was detected in all positive sera samples and no Brucella was detected in all seronegative samples.
It was found that Real-time PCR more sensitive than ELISA in diagnosis of C. burnetii infection, where Six vaginal swabs were collected from serologically examined animals (4 of them were positive and the other 2 were negative for C. burnetii by ELISA) and tested them using Real-time PCR to detect the shedding animals. The rate of positive animals at herd level which was tested using Real-time PCR, was higher in comparison with the seropositive rate as 83.3%.
In our study, microbiological examination of vaginal swab samples from some aborted animals showed that 44.4% of samples revealed presumptive Salmonella colonies on MacConkey agar plate and 37% of samples confirmed by biochemical identification.