الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles having at least one dimension between 1-100 nm in diameter. They possess unique physicochemical characteristics due to their small size which provides a high surface area to volume ratio, leading to their high reactivity (Auffan et al., 2009). Hence, NPs became highly attractive for the implementation in wide range of applications; such as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanocarrier systems for nutrients delivery, and nanosensors in food packaging and labeling (Prasad et al., 2017). The widespread interest in the manufacture and use of NPs may result in their dissemination into water, soil and air (Lin and Xing, 2007). Once available in the soil, NPs could enter into the food chain through plants uptake and subsequently transferred into the terrestrial food chains causing potential hazards to animals, human beings and the whole ecosystem. Therefore, risks and benefits posed by NPs on the environment are considered to be a subject to strong debate (Castiglione et al., 2011).