الفهرس 
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Abstract
The cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833) is a destructive
lepidopterous pest invading seriously many plant species all over the world.
This destruction was the motivation for numerous studies to control this pest.
In the present study the effect of the essential oil of camphor (Cinnamomum
camphora), the organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and the insect
growth regulator, lufenuron, were evaluated against the fourth instar larvae of
S.littoralis which were evaluated at LC50 ( = the lethal concentration for half
of the population of the pest). The effects were investigated by some
toxicological, biological, and biochemical aspects. Three essential oils were
investigated to throw light on the most potent one. Camphor, onion, and
mustard oils were tested. Camphor was the most potent one. So, further
investigations using camphor oil were done. Gas-Chromatography (GC)
analysis for Camphor essential oil revealed that Camphor oil contains more
than toxic constituents for insects like camphor, 1.8 Cineol, and Linalool.
Results showed that the LC50 for lufenuron was ( 0.0002 ppm), chlorpyrifos (
1.68 ppm) and Camphor oil was ( 20000 ppm). Some enzyme activities were
estimated; acid and alkaline phosphatases, α and β Esterases, Transaminases
(AST, ALT), Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), Mixed Function Oxidase
(MFO), and Phenol Oxidase (PO). In addition, the total soluble carbohydrate,
protein, and lipid contents also were evaluated. Finally, it may be concluded
that camphor oil has the potentialities to reduce the population density of S.
littoralis. So it may be used in combating the population of S.littoralis.
Hoping that the obtained results may be of help in integrated pest
management as it could be investigated in further researches.
Keywords: Cinnamomum camphora, Spodoptera littoralis, Chlorpyrifos,
lufenuron, Toxicity, Bio-insecticides, essential oils, enzymes, GC analysis.