الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 330 |  |  |
| | | from | 330 | | |
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to investigate the seismic performance of special RC structures, such as elevated metro with different configurations.
Structural engineers typically design station buildings according to the Code for Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (Eurocode 8 part 1, ECP 201, ASCE7-16 (IBC)) ; while bridge design is based on the bridge design code (Eurocode 8 part 2, ECP 207 and AASHTO ). The Guide Specification for this seismic design use force-based design, but with different spectral loads, analysis parameters, and levels of acceptance. However, there is no unified code for the seismic design of this kind of mixed structural systems. Thus, there is a need to study the performance object of these kind of mixed structural systems based on displacement-based seismic design concepts.
The actual earthquake force is considerably higher than what the structures are designed for. The structures can’t be designed for the actual value of earthquake intensity as the cost of construction will be too high. The actual intensity of earthquake is reduced by a factor called response reduction factor R. The value of R depends on ductility factor, strength factor, structural redundancy and damping. The concept of R factor is based on the observations that well detailed seismic framing systems can sustain large inelastic deformation without collapse and have excess of lateral strength over design strength.
The research in this thesis was carried out over five phases. The first phase involves the collection and compiling of numerical and experimental data from experimental studies available in the literature, creating wide spectrum databases on different fields like RC bridges, Mixed RC structures, RC structures, Plastic hinges, Ordinary / intermediate / special moment resisting frames & response reduction/modification factor(R). This was carried out in order to have a clear and broad understanding of past findings in this field.
The second phase introduces earthquake Seismology in Egypt. Four different sub-sections concerning earthquake Seismology in Egypt, have been presented: i.e. regional tectonics, Egyptian national seismic network (ENSN), seismicity of Egypt, and seismic hazard maps. Earthquake hazard levels and brief details of structural performance levels are illustrated according to (ATC 40) and (FEMA 356). Formulas for estimating Seismic base shear and design response spectra of buildings according to Egypt code ECP-201 [2012] are compared with the corresponding formulas from other seismic codes. These codes are: IBC 2018 –ASCE7-16 and EC8-2004. Also, a review on R factor values recommended in different RC structures & RC bridges design codes is performed, such as ECP code for structures & for bridges, UBC code, ASCE code, Eurocode8 for structures & for bridges & AASHTO.
The third phase describe a three dimensional non-linear finite element(FE) analysis was used for modelling the RC structure using ABAQUS V.6.14 program to predict the actual behaviour of different types of structures and materials by elements which can be adjusted to fit the geometry of the model.
The fourth phase presents an attempt to numerically model the load-displacement behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) frames to check the reliability and validity of a nonlinear finite element model using the three experimental results of previous studies available in literature based on pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis.
The fifth phase presents an evaluation for the seismic behaviour for RC elevated metro station analysis models using push over analysis and time history analysis. The models were chosen based on newly constructed RC elevated metro stations to study the influence of the variation of seismic response of special RC structures, such as elevated metro with different configurations (Cantilever pier and frame pier) with limited and sufficient ductility RFT details. Consequently, the response reduction factor can be evaluated for limited and sufficient ductility and rational values of the response reduction factor for the analyzed sorts of RC structures, based on the analyses results have been illustrated. In addition, evaluation of the plastic hinge length for all studied cases have been investigated. A full calculation for the plastic hinge lengths and a comparison between the calculated lengths against the recommended ones in different codes and references were conducted. The design recommendations and guidelines are presented based on the results of the parametric study. A number of conclusions and recommendations for future work were extracted from this study. The conclusions were related to the modelling of special reinforced concrete (RC) structures and to the system level behaviour under lateral loading.