الفهرس 
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Abstract
The CPFX® is a FQ antibiotic, used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Despite it plays an important role in treatment guidelines of serious infections issued by major medical societies, it can cause serious side effects. Recently, the use of natural materials in management of medication side effects has been a growing interest. CIN extract and chia seeds have potent antioxidant effect that may play role in management of CPFX® side effects.
from the before mentioned, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of CIN extract and chia seeds on the histological structure, histochemistry and ultrastructure of SMGs in CPFX®-treated albino rats.
Material and methods:
Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, 8 animals each as following:
By the end of the experiment period (10 days), the rats were sacrificed, and SMGs were dissected out. Each gland was divided into two halves. One half for routine histological and histochemical examinations using LM, while the other half was kept for processing to be examined by TEM. A morphometric study was performed to assess vacuolation area% in routine histological sections and OD in histochemical stained sections. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results:
group 1 group 2 group 3 group 4
Histological results
Acini Spherical serous acini. Pyramidal shape cells with basophilic cytoplasm and basal spherical nuclei. Acini with irregular outline.Ill-defined cellular outline with light basophilic cytoplasm having obviously variable sized vacuolations and hyperchromatic, pyknotic as well askaryolytic nuclei. Spherical serous acini. Pyramidal shape cells with basophilic cytoplasm and basal spherical nuclei. Apparently few pyknotic and hyperchromatic as well as karyolytic nuclei. Some serous acini were spherical in shapewhile others showedirregular outline. Some cells were pyramidal while others showed ill-defined cellular outline with
light basophilic cytoplasm, noticeably few vacuolations and
basal spherical nuclei except for apparently few karyolytic nuclei.
Duct system IDs, GCTs, SDs and EDs revealed normal histological features with regular outline. Apparent reduction in cell height, cytoplasmic vacuolations, as well as karyolytic, pyknotic, hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei.
Stagnated secretion in EDs lumen. Regular duct lining. Obviously few vacuolations. Presence of stagnated secretion in duct lumen. Apparent minor reduction in cell height. Markedly few vacuolations. Some pyknotic and hyperchromatic nuclei.
C.T Regular bands of collagen fiber bundles and normal CT cells. Degeneration, hyalinization and inflammatory cells infiltration. Regular bands of collagen fiber bundles, normal CT cells and infiltration of apparently few inflammatory cells. Some areas showed irregularly arranged collagen fiber bundles, degeneration, hyalinization and inflammatory cells infiltration.
Histochemical Results
PAS Mild to moderate. Moderate to strong. Moderate. Moderate.
Mercury bromophenol blue Moderate. Mild. Mild to moderate. Mild.
Ultrastructural results
Acini
Large euchromatic nuclei. Electron- densezymogen granules situated apically. Normally appeared intercellular canaliculi. Mitochondria with well-defined cristae, parallel arrays of RER basally and well-developed Golgi complex lateral to the nucleus. Nuclei with irregular outline and clumping of chromatin material. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, and markedly numerous low electron-dense zymogen granules. Apparently wide intercellular canaliculi,
swollen mitochondria with lost cristae, presence of phagosomes,
discontinuity and fragmentation of RER and dilated Golgi complex. Large euchromatic nuclei.Some vacuolations and apically situated electron-dense zymogen granules.Normal mitochondria with well-defined cristae and some of them were elongated. Presence of some phagosomes, RER with attached ribosomes and well-developed Golgi complex. Euchromatic nuclei. Some cells were binucleated. Highly electron-dense zymogen granules.Some mitochondria with well-defined cristae while others had ill-defined cristae. Scanty RER and detached ribosomes but
well- developed Golgi complex cisternae.
Duct system
Duct cells were connected to each other by apical junctional complexes and scattered desmosomes. Euchromatic nuclei, well-defined mitochondria and RER. Loss of junction between cells.
Cytoplasmic vacuolations, shrunken nuclei with condensed chromatin and irregular outlines, swollen mitochondria, and fragmented RER with detached ribosomes. Junctional complexes and scattered desmosomes connect lining cells. Apparently few cytoplasmic vacuoles, euchromatic nuclei, mitochondria with well-defined cristae and obviously few RER. Presence of intercellular desmosomal junctions and junctional complexes. Markedly few cytoplasmic vacuoles. Some nuclei were euchromatic while others were heterochromatic. Mitochondria with well-defined cristae and arrays of RER.
Statistical analysis results
Vacuolation area%
Lowest mean vacuolation area%. Highest mean vacuolation area %. Mean vacuolation area% is lower than group 2 but higher than Group1. Mean vacuolation area% is lower than group 2 but higher than Groups 1 and 3.
OD
PAS
Lowest mean OD. Highest mean OD. Mean OD is lower than group 2 and no statistically significant difference with group 1. Mean OD is lower than group 2 and no statistically significant differences with Groups 1 and 3.
Mercury bromoph-enol blue Highest mean OD. Lowest mean OD. Higher than Group2 but lower than group 1. Higher than group 2 but lower than group 1 and no statistically significant difference with Group3.