الفهرس 
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Abstract
Milk is the most important part of the human food as it enjoys special significance of various nutritional values like protein, fat, lactose, minerals and vitamins and other various ingredients dispersed in water, it is considered as complete diet. As milk is a nutritious food for humans as well as an ideal growth medium for bacterial pathogens.
This work was planned to detect the bacteriological quality of raw milk in Beni- Suef governorate, Egypt. A total of 125 raw milk samples including 25 bulk tank milk of large dairy herds (before sanitation), 25 bulk tank milk of large dairy herd (after improving the environmental and premilking sanitation), 25 milk samples from smallholder dairy herds and 50 sample from milk shops, were collected from Beni-Suef governorate and subjected to Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Psychrotrophic Bacterial Count (PBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Fecal coliform (FC) and E.Coli.
The obtained result showed that: the mean value of TBC in raw milk samples as 25, 25, 25 and 50 raw milk obtained from bulk tank milk (before sanitation), bulk tank milk (after sanitation), smallholder dairy herds and milk shops in Beni-Suef governorate, were 1.53 ×107 ± 6.27×106, 2×106 ± 6.58×105, 7.85 × 106 ± 3.95 × 106, 1.65 ×107 ± 4.32 ×106 cfu/ ml, respectively.
The highest frequency distributions were 80% lies within the range of 105 - < 107, 64% lies within the range of 105 - < 106, 80 % lies within the range of 105 - < 107 and 66 % lies within the range of 105 - < 107 respectively.
The mean values of PBC were 2.83 x 105 ± 6.85 x 104, 8.98 x 104 ± 2.67 × 104, 6.85 x 104 ± 1.24 × 104, 1.72 x 105 ± 3.79 × 104 cfu/ ml respectively.
The highest frequency distributions were 52 % lies within the range of 105 - < 106, 84 % lies within the range of 104 - < 105, 92 % lies within the range of 104 - < 105 and 64 % lies within the range of 104 - < 105 respectively.
The mean values of TCC were 3.89 ×105± 1.38 ×105, 5.3 × 104 ± 3.07×104, 6.4 × 105± 1.57 ×105, 2.2 × 106 ± 6.87 ×105 MPN/ ml, respectively.
The highest frequency distributions were 68 % lies within the range of 104 - < 106, is 64 % lies within the range of 103 - < 104, 68 % lies within the range of 105 - < 107 and 62 % lies within the range of 105 - < 107 respectively.
The mean values of FC were 9.20 × 103 ± 1.82 × 103, 6.36 × 102 ± 1.9 × 102, 6.04 × 103 ± 1.57×103, 6.5×103 ± 1.08 ×103 MPN/ ml, respectively.
The highest frequency distributions were 88 % lies within the range of 103 - < 105, 56 % lies within the range of 102 - < 103, 52 % lies within the range of 103 - < 104 and 70 % lies within the range of 103 - < 105 respectively.
The mean values of E.Coli were 2.57 × 103± 6.11 × 102, 3.8 × 102 ± 2.48 × 102, 3.89 × 103 ± 7.36 × 102, 4.15 × 103 ± 5.44 × 102 MPN/ ml, respectively.
The highest frequency distributions were 52 % lies within the range of 102 - < 103, 64 % lies within the range of 102 - < 103, 88 % lies within the range of 103 - < 104 and 52 % lies within the range of 103 - < 104 respectively.
Results allowed to assume that the sanitary measures adopted during production, handling and processing of raw milk from farmers’ houses were not applied and this represent a public health hazard.
Economic losses for the dairy producer occur as a result of high bacterial load of raw milk which affects quality of the processed milk and dairy products and high bacterial counts may cause substantial. Coliforms are often used to monitor the quality of milk and dairy products, and its count is used as a hygienic indicator to reflect the general microbiological quality in routine test.
Poor hygiene of workers, milking equipment and storage tanks are mainly source of elevated bacterial counts in raw milk, also rapid cooling of milk to required temperature and the length of milk storage important to minimize the bacterial load. Good management of dairy animals before milking will reduce microorganism especially coliforms and E.coli.