الفهرس 
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Abstract
6. English Summary
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of bovine lactoferrin or Chitosan, either alone or in combination, on overall hepato-renal functioning, antioxidative capability indicators, and transcriptome responses in treated Nile tilapia. Moreover, the disease resistance ability of Nile tilapia has also been testified after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila.
Fish were grouped (10 fish per aquarium) and then randomly allocated into seven groups (each group has three replicates).
The control group was fed on the basal diet without any supplementations.
Two groups were fed on diets containing two levels of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) (800, and 1200 mg BLF per kg diet).
Two groups were fed on diets containing two levels of chitosan nanoparticles (CHN) (500 and 1000 mg CHN per kg diet).
Two groups were fed on diets with combined supplementation with both BLF and CHN as following:
400 mg BLF and 250 mg CHN per kg diet (defined as BLF 0.04% + CHN 0.025%).
600 mg BLF and 500 mg CHN per kg diet (defined as BLF 0.06% + CHN 0.05%).
Results of the present study revealed the following:
1. There no statistically significant differences in the total protein, albumin, and globulin values among all experimental groups fed with chitosan and bovine lactoferrin compared with the control.
2. Dietary supplementation with chitosan or bovine lactoferrin alone or in combination lead to significantly increase ALP, AST, and ALT values compared to control group.
3. Treatment with chitosan or bovine lactoferrin alone or in combination show no significant change in in urea and creatinine values among all treatments than the control group.
4. Dietary supplement with bovine lactoferrin show no significant effects of dietary on the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities of Nile tilapia. While dietary supplementation with 1% chitosan and combined treatments have significantly increased the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px values in Nile tilapia compared with other groups.
5. Serum lysozyme were significantly increased in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group.
6. When compared to the control group, dietary supplementation with BLF or CHN alone or in combination significantly increased the expression of IGF-1 in the liver and IL-1B and IFN- γ genes in the kidney.
7. Dietary supplementation with BFL or CHN alone or in combinations showed no, or mild histopathological alterations on the hepatopancreas and renal tissues of treated Nile tilapia.
8. Dietary supplemented with different levels of BLF or CHN alone or in combinations showed a significantly higher survival rate and resistance against challenge with pathogenic A. hydrophila than the control group.