الفهرس 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Environmental pollution with heavy metals has become a global phenomenon. Heavy metals are one of the common types of pollutants that can be found in the en-vironment throughout different sources and Couse food contamination. Heavy metals may enter the human body via food, water, air, or absorption through the skin in agri-culture, industrial, or residential settings. Heavy metals are widespread pollutants of great environmental concern as they are non-degradable, toxic, and persistent. Alt-hough small amounts of these elements are common in our environment and diet, and some are necessary for good health, but large amounts of any of them may cause acute or chronic toxicity. Health risks of heavy metals include reduced growth and development, cancer, organ damage, nervous system damage, and in extreme cases, death. Therefore, it is necessary to study the migration of trace elements and to moni-tor the highly toxic micro component content at all stages of the ecological chain (soils, waters, biological systems) because there are immediate sources of heavy met-als that reach the human organism.
The determination of analytes in very low concentration (traces) plays a funda-mental role in many areas of science and technology. For trace analysis, analytical methods with extreme powers of detection are required. The overall goal of this study was to develop analytical test method for the determination of heavy metals in food and we performed in olive oil as example. Atomic emission spectroscopy coupled with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) is a multi-element technique that can be effectively used for analyzing oil samples, that will be characterized by high selectiv-ity, sensitivity and detection limits much lower than other multi-element techniques. Sample preparation is a critical step in the analytical procedure for the determination of heavy metals in vegetable oils; classical methods usually employed are wet diges-tion, dry ashing, acid extraction, closed vessel and focused open-vessel microwave dissolution and dilution.
In this work of research, we developed a new, simple, safe and low cost extrac-tion method that based on diluted Nitric acid has been proposed for the extraction of heavy metals from 50 raw olive oil samples collected from different manufacturing companies originates from five countries. This followed by quantitative determina-tion of 25 heavy metals including (Al, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Te, TI, and Zn) in the investigated oil samples. For accurate and precise results, test method validation has been investigated in terms of linearity (R2); Precision; Accuracy; selectivity and Specificity; Limit of detection and limit of quantitation; Repeatability and Ruggedness.