الفهرس 
Introduction and RationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is more common in children and adolescents, but it may occur at any age. Diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas and includes both a genetic predisposition and an environmental component. In most cases of type 1 diabetes, patients have a sudden onset of symptoms, with no family history, classic symptoms of polyuria (increased urine), polydipsia, and weight loss.
Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses, affecting as many as 1 in 400 youth, with a peak onset during adolescence.
Management of type 1 diabetes is complex and demanding, requiring the adolescent and family to frequently monitor blood glucose levels, food intake, and exercise, and adjust insulin accordingly.
For youth with type 1 diabetes, the transition into adolescence is often associated with poorer self-management and deteriorating metabolic control. In addition to the stress of self-management, adolescents with type 1 diabetes report stress related to feeling different from peers, feeling guilty about “bad numbers,” and deciding how and when to tell others about diabetes. These high levels of diabetes-related stress are likely to have a negative impact on adolescents’ quality of life (QOL) and metabolic control.
In addition, stress may affect children and adolescents’ motivation and ability to perform self-management tasks, resulting in poorer metabolic control. Therefore, it is important for the family physician to understand the strategies suitable for young age for screening, prevention and management to use to cope with diabetes-related stress and the relationships among coping, self-management, QOL, and metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.