الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Since the population is expected to increase up to 40 % over the coming three decades, it is an urgent need to discover new water sources to keep the essential element of life. Among the known desalination technologies including thermal desalination and membrane technology, reverse osmosis is currently the most widely used methods for desalination worldwide. Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are mostly used for desalination of brackish or sea water and has the ability to reduce the energy consumption with low cost than other technologies.