الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2018, it accounted for 11.6% of all cancer cases and 18.4% of total cancer deaths, making it the most common and cause of death in men and women, also the most deadly malignant tumor and the fourth most common cancer in men.This difference in incidence between the sexes is mainly due to differences in rates of tobacco smoking, with smoking being the main risk factor for this disease.