الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) is one of the most common urologic problems in daily clinical practice, Most of the information about the pathophysiologic changes in PUUO mechanisms has been gained from studies in experimental animal models .
PUUO is one of the most commonly used experimental model of chronic kidney injury and is characterized by tubular atrophy, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis .
In PUUO, the initiating damage is increased ureteral pressure transmitted retrograde to the kidney that causes secondary renal vasoconstriction and resultant reduced glomerular blood flow .
Needless to mention that treatment of obstructive uropathy is relief of obstruction. Nevertheless, some studies have demonstrated that the harmful effects of renal obstruction may continue even after relief of obstruction, gradual destruction or atrophy of the renal parenchyma was associated with increase in the size of hydronephrosis . Interstitial fibrosis and progression in radial scarring developed in the kidney in response to increasing periods of obstruction .