الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma, one of the most difficult cancers to treat, is defined by the invasion and proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which are the highest developed cells in the B-cell lineage. Over time, proof of end-organ damage caused by the clonal of plasma cells was necessary for the identification of multiple myeloma: hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and osteolytic bone lesions.
The discovery of new drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma, as well as the utilization of autologous stem cell transplantation, have resulted in deeper remission in multiple myeloma, with a better result. Despite profound reactions, the great majority of remissions do not last, and the disease recur. As a result, several ways for measuring or detecting very little or demonstrable residual disease (MRD) have already been developed, such as multi-parametric flow cytometry, PCR, next-generation sequencing, and imaging modalities as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT).
The nuclear factor kappa B system controls innate and adaptive immune responses in a broad range of cells. Many types of B-cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma, rely on NF-kB transcription factors for staying alive and growth. NF-KB signaling, in conjunction with other powerful transcription factors such as STAT3, is also critical in controlling cell deathand immunological subtype polarization, all of which contribute to a pro-tumoral milieu. Despite the fact that the triggering signals and downstream targets of the classical and alternative pathways vary, both are significant in the etiology and development of multiple myeloma.
This study aimed to is to evaluate deregulated NF-kB pre and post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant including both the canonical (classical) or the non-canonical (alternative) pathways in addition to MRD status by multi-parameter flow cytometry.
This study was carried on 20 multiple myeloma patients who did autologous SCT and assessed MRD by multi-flow parameter & quantitative assessment for the expression levels of NF-kB transcription factor gene family members including NF-KB1, NF-KB2, cREL, RELA and RELB which carried out by RNA extraction followed by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) expression post-transplant and compared to pre-transplant status.