الفهرس 
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Abstract
Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
Infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide. Male and female factors coexist in about one third of cases, while one third of cases are secondary to male factors only.
NOA is characterized by a complete absence of spermatozoa in semen because of minimal or no spermatogenesis. NOA has many causes such as sexual chromosomal abnormalities, translocation and microdeletions of the Y chromosome, cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, radiation and toxins.
MiRNAs are a class of small (18-23 nucleotides) single-strand noncoding RNAs, linked to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
Some miRNAs are specifically expressed in certain type of male germ cells, while the others are universally expressed among different types of cells in the testes. Growing evidences have showed that the miRNAs are essential for male germ cell development and differentiation .A few recent reviews have reported the roles of miRNAs in spermatogenesis and fertility.
The aim of this study was to assess the role of miRNA-34b as a potential biomarker in infertile males with NOA and correlating its expression level with the patients’ clinico-pathological features in an attempt to better understanding NOA pathogenesis.
This study was case-control study including:
group (1): 50 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.