الفهرس 
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Abstract
Adolescence is main period in human development. During this period, teenage girls
may experience physical and psychological changes. The main change in puberty that occurs
in girls is menstruation. It is considered one of the most important milestones in the process of
growth and maturity, which prepares them for motherhood, because yesterday’s girl is today’s
teenager and tomorrow’s mother. In general, PMS symptoms can be categorized into PMSrelated
diagnoses such as dysmenorrhea or premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is one of the most common gynecological
disorders among adolescent girls and young adult women. It is defined as pelvic pain directly
related to menstruation that interferes with activities of daily living and contributes to school
and work absenteeism. It is classified into two main categories: primary and secondary
dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful menstruation that occurs in the absence of
recognizable pelvic pathology and commonly begins when the beginning of ovulatory
menstrual cycle. It can be treated pharmacological or through complementary therapy.
Pharmacological treatment includes the use of prescribed medication as Non- steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs.
Today, there is a great tendency to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM),
and one of the applications of the CAM is the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Because of
recent concerns about pharmacological therapy, several studies investigated the efficacy of
numerous non pharmacological therapies for the relief of dysmenorrhea such as
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
This study aimed to:
Determine the effect of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on menstrual
symptoms among adolescent girls.
Research hypothesis:
Adolescent girls who receive Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on
menstrual symptoms exhibit less menstrual symptoms than those who receive sham TENS
(placebo) intervention.
Materials and method:
The study was conducted at the Technical Institute of Nursing called ”Dar Ismail”
affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Population in Alexandria. Subjects: A purposeful
sample of 100 female students in the first and second years at the Technical Institute of
Nursing. They identify those with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea (PD). The 100
participants were randomly divided into two equal groups, study and control (50 for each).
Tools
Three tools were used:
Tool I- Students’ Basic Data Structured interview Schedule:
It was developed by the researcher to collect the necessary data from female students. It
will include three parts.