الفهرس 
between Columella and Quadrangular cartilage.
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Abstract
Nasal septal perforations (NSPs) are defects of the nasal septum as a consequence of necrosis of the cartilage or bone tissues together with their mucous membrane. Perforations are estimated to be found in 0.9% of the adult population, roughly 85% of cases noted in the office are asymptomatic. When conservative measures aren’t effective, there are many surgical techniques to close the nasal septal perforation. Smaller perforations can often be repaired via an endoscopic approach while larger perforations may require an open septorhinoplasty.