الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The mature human skeleton has 213 bones, omitting the sesamoid bones. The exact number of bones in the appendicular skeleton is 126 bones, the axial skeleton has 74 bones, and the auditory ossicles have six bones (Standring, 2004). Each bone is continually remodeled during life to help it adapt to changing biomechanical demands, as well as remodeling to replacing the old, micro-damaged bone with new ones, mechanically rougher bone for preserving the bone strengthening. The four major forms of human bones are short bones, long bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Long bones include the clavicles, humeri, radii, ulnae, femurs, tibiae, fibulae, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges (Taichman, 2005).