الفهرس 
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Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY
This thesis consists of three main chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction
The first chapter comprises an introduction in which an outline on the definition of nanomaterials, their synthesis techniques, and their applications in different fields is presented. This chapter also includes a literature survey on the previous work performed on the simple nano-sized metal oxides along with those performed on the mixed nano-sized metal oxides and their different applications.
Chapter 2: The experimental section
This chapter includes complete description of the materials, reagents, equipment, and the methods used for the preparation of nano-sized (copper, nickel and titanium oxides) (copper-nickel oxides, copper-titanium oxides and nickel-titanium mixed oxides) by a combustion method, as follows:
(I) Nano-sized CuO particles were prepared via a combustion reaction of copper nitrate with a fuel such as glucose, tartaric acid and glycine then followed by a calcination at 600 oC .
(II) Nano-sized NiO was prepared by combustion reaction of nickel nitrate with afuel such as glucose, tartaric acid, and glycine then followed by a calcination at 600 oC .
(III) Nano-sized TiO2 was prepared by combustion reaction of titanyl nitrate with a fuel such as glucose, tartaric acid and glycine then followed by a calcination at 600 oC
(IV) Nanosized NiO/TiO2 was prepared by combustion reaction of nickel nitrate and titanyl nitrate in the presence of glucose and tartaric acid fuels with ratio 1:1 The residue The produced powder was ground and then calcined at various temperatures such as 400 and 600 °C to get the crystalline nano-sized form.
Subsequently the produced metal oxides were used as adsorbents for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dyes . The different parameters affecting the adsorption process are presented.
Chapter 3: Results and discussion
This chapter contains the discussion of the results obtained. It consists of two main parts:
Part 1: It describes the characterization of the as-prepared nano-sized CuO, NiO, and TiO2 using different instruments such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and FT-IR:
Part 2:
This part deals with Malachite Green (MG) dye removal using NiO, TiO2 , and NiO-TiO2 nanoparticles.
This part discusses the results of the factors affecting the removal process of the dye from aqueous solutions on nano-sized NiO, TiO2, NiO/TiO2, respectively, and the following remarks were obtained: In case of using NiO, TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 nano-oxides as adsorbents for the removal of MG.
1- The optimum pH at which the highest % removal occurred was found to be pH 7-8 for NiO, pH 6-7 for TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 nano-oxides.
2- The equilibrium time for MG adsorption percent was about 120 min for all nano-oxides.
3- The adsorption percent increased slowly with increasing the solution temperature for MG dye with all nano-oxides .
4- % Removal decreased with increasing the salinity for all nano-oxides.
5- For the all nano-oxides % removal increased with increasing the initial concentration of the dye.
6- % MG dye removal increased with increasing dose of TiO2, NiO and NiO/TiO2.
7- The MG removal fitted to temkin isotherm model for NiO nano-oxide and to langmuir isotherm for TiO2 and NiO/TiO2.
8- The MG dye removal fitted to pseudo-second-order model for all nano-oxides.
9- The adsorption process was endothermic for TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 but exothermic for NiO, and it was physisorption and spontaneous for all nano-oxides.