الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Planning of cities during this decade is oriented to car use, resulting in the invasion and condensed occupation of spaces by motorised modes, where people became more reliant on motorised modes for all of their mobility trips. In addition, urban environment features that create pedestrian-friendly environments got neglected and severely impacted. Such conditions had negative impact on residents’ and pedestrians’ participation in physical exercise, which is reflected on their health. According to the WHO, it is now the fourth biggest cause of death. It also has an impact the mental health, social cohesion and community well-being. Arbab et al. (2020), mentioned that urban environment features play a substantial impact in enhancing or diminishing residents’ physical activity and mobility behaviour as they determine the individual’s activities and shapes their activity patterns Arbab et al. (2020). This is why it is therefore, vital to specify which features affect the residents’ participation in physical activity, and how, at the microscale they differ in different communities depending on their culture, social norms and others [1]. This study investigates different urban and built environment features at the micro-scale street level. The aim is formulating a framework that investigate the relationship between built environment features in the streetscape and physical activity levels in the local context, in Alexandria city as a case study. In addition, the study identifies the barriers and facilitators that residents encounter when commuting and analyse their perceptions of the study area. The proposed framework is based on a hybrid-method consisting of: two online surveys, an onsite observation and face to face direct interviews with pedestrians to investigate their perceptions while commuting. These methods are complimentary to one another to illustrate how built environment features impact on physical activities of residents. Statistical and spatial analyses are carried out to indicate the level of physical activity of residents and specify the facilitators and barriers that can motivate and/or prevents an individual from participating in physical activity in Alexandria city. Furthermore, the study identifies the urban features that have highest relative importance affecting the >pedestrians’ perception. It is suggested that the framework could be replicated in several areas for improvements, variations and comparison. Results of the study showed that (a) physical activity levels of residents in Alexandria city are lower than the levels recommended by physical health specialists. (b) Urban and street design features contribute highly as a motivator for physical activity. (c) Social and personal factors also have impact on individuals. (d) Quality of pedestrian sidewalk facility, roads attributes and walking environment are “fair”. (f) There are four root causes that have a chain of direct and indirect effects on living conditions, physical activity is form the indirectly affected aspects.