الفهرس 
Efficacy of XP-endo finisher file versus passive ultrasonic irrigation in removing calcium hydroxide from root canals with different irrigating solutions : An in vitro study
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the XP endo finisher file in the removal of Ca(OH)₂ from straight root canals of single rooted teeth in combination with either NaOCl or NaOCl plus citric acid compared with that of PUI. Material and methods: Fifty two human extracted single rooted teeth with single straight root canals were selected and prepared using ProTaper rotary instruments up to size F3 (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Ca(OH)₂ (MetaPaste, Meta Biomed Co, Cheongju, Korea) intracanal medication was placed inside the root canals and sealed with temporary filling for 7 days. The samples were then randomly divided into two equal groups according to the technique of Ca(OH)₂ removal and each group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups according to the irrigation protocol as follows; XP/ NaOCl, XP/ NaOCl + citric acid, PUI/ NaOCl, XP/ NaOCl + citric acid acid. For the 4 subgroups, the time of XP and PUI activation was standardized to be two repeated one-minute activation cycles. The first cycle of activation was after using 5 ml of 5.25 % NaOCl in all subgroups and the other cycle was after using 5 ml of 5.25% of NaOCl in XP/ NaOCl and PUI/ NaOCl subgroups and after using 5 ml of 10% citric acid in XP/ NaOCl + citric acid and XP/ NaOCl + citric subgroups. After Ca(OH)2 removal, a final flush was performed using 5 ml of distilled water for all subgroups. Accordingly, the total volume of irrigation solution that used for each sample during removal procedure was standardized to be 15 ml