الفهرس 
Evaluation of the effect of endodontic irrigation using eddy sonic activation VS XP endo finisher on enterococcus faecalis colonizing the dentinal tubules of single rooted teeth
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Abstract
Aim: To assess the efficacy of irrigation activation with EDDY sonic tip in comparison with XPendo finisher and Syringe needle irrigation on the percentage of viable ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS colonizing the dentinal tubules and the depth of penetration of the irrigant solution within the dentinal tubules of single rooted teeth. Methods: Fifty-one single rooted human teeth were selected, instrumented using Fanta AF Blue S4 and Hyflex EDM up to size 40, autoclaved and then inoculated with E. faecalis. The samples were randomly assigned into three main groups (n=15), all were used to the method of irrigant activation. group I (EDDY sonic tips), group II (XP Endo Finisher file), group III (Syringe Needle Irrigation) and six teeth were used as positive control. Activation was done with 5.25% of NaOCl in all the samples. After that the teeth were split longitudinally with Isomet saw and examined with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) to visualize the bacterial viability within the dentinal tubules and the depth of irrigant penetration in terms of the extent of dead bacteria inside the dentinal tubules at different canal locations (Coronal, Middle and Apical thirds). vii Results: CLSM indicated that the three experimental groups significantly reduced the overall bacterial percentage within the dentinal tubules when compared to the positive control group. In addition, Eddy sonic tip showed better intratubular bacterial eradication efficacy than XP Endo Finisher and SNI in the coronal third, while both EDDY tip and XP Finisher showed the same effect at the middle and apical thirds and both were higher than SNI. XP Endo Finisher showed a higher effect of overall penetration depth of the irrigation solution compared to EDDY tip and both were higher than the SNI group