الفهرس 
Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus johnsonii on growth, phenotypic and genotypic expression of virulence factors of candida albicans causing vulvovaginal candidiasis
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Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) causes significant morbidity among women of reproductive age, as well as a considerable financial burden on the health-care system due to increased vaginitis-related medical costs. In the age of antibiotic resistance, using probiotic lactobacilli to treat VVC has become an appealing treatment approach. The goal of this research was to see how L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsonii B-2178 affected C. albicans growth, phenotypic and genotypic expression of virulence factors (biofilm and hyphal production) in females with VVC. This study was conducted on 30 C. albicans isolates recovered from 118 patients in the reproductive period, complaining of cheesy curd-like vaginal discharge and/or itching.The effect of L. acidophilus LA-5andL. johnsoniiB-2178on growth of C.albicans isolates was determined using the radial streak method.The effect of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsonii B-2178 cell-free supernatant (CFS)on phenotypic expression of virulence factors (biofilm and hyphae formation) among C. albicans isolateswas determined using the co-culture method and the hyphae-formation liquid medium assay, respectively. By using Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the effect of CFS of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsonii B-2178 on the transcription of C.albicans genes involved in the transition from yeast to hyphae and biofilm formation; the hyphal wall protein 1 gene (HWP1), agglutinin-like protein gene 3 (ALS3), and extent of cell elongation gene 1 (ECE1) was determined. Both L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsoniiB-2178 were effective in inhibiting C. albicans growth. The CFS of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsoniiB-2178 significantly inhibited biofilm formation by C. albicans isolates. The CFS of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsoniiB-2178 reduced hyphae formation, but this reduction was not significant.The CFS of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. johnsoniiB-2178 significantly inhibited expression levels of virulence-related genes; ALS3, ECE1 and HWP1