الفهرس 
Anatomy of tympanic membranOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tympanic membrane perforations result mainly from infectious and traumatic etiologies. Perforations result from acute otitis media and trauma heal spontaneously in the majority of cases. But if there are repeated infections or if the infection is persistent, there is less possibility of spontaneous healing of these perforations. Long-standing tympanic membrane perforations may cause conductive hearing loss and middle ear infection even if they are small. The purpose of closure of chronic dry tympanic membrane perforations is to restore the continuity of the tympanic membrane in order to improve hearing and decrease the incidence of middle ear infections (1). Myringoplasty is the procedure of closure of the perforations of the pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. Repair of the tympanic membrane perforations (TMP) without elevating the annulus and entering the middle ear is a commonly performed procedure in otolaryngology. This procedure includes the use of an autologous fat graft, a paper-patch, an absorbable gelatin patch, and hyaluronic acid ester films (2).