الفهرس 
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
EXTRA PULMONARY EFFECTS OF COPDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Over the past few decades, COPD was considered a disease of the lungs. Nowadays it is recognized as a multicomponent disease; despite being defined by the presence of persistent airflow limitation, it also affects systems and organs outside the lungs, the so-called systemic effects of COPD (e.g., weight loss, muscle dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and cognitive function impairment).