الفهرس 
Phytochemical and biological studies of Sambucus nigra L. cultivated in Egypt
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Abstract
Genus Sambucus was part of Caprifoliaceae. Then, it was added to family Adoxaceae after careful morphological analysis and biochemical test. The objective of this work was targeted towards investigation of the phytochemical profile of the different organs of Sambucus nigra L. cultivated in Egypt and assessing their efficacy as potential candidates for implementation in pharmaceutical industries.To fulfill these goals, the phytochemical and biological studies of the alcoholic extract (70%) of the flowers, leaves and stems of Sambucus nigra L. were investigated. Sambucus nigra L. and Sambucus canadensis L. showed genetic similarity up to 61.1 % as displayed in their ISSR profiles.The phytochemical study of the flowers, leaves and stems was established including preliminary phytochemical screening, qualitative and quantitative investigation of the lipoidal and phenolic contents, investigation of polysaccharide content and UPLC-Orbitrap HRMS profilingof the secondary metabolites. Their chemical profilesare nearly similar in composition but differ in quantities. A total of 67 compounds were characterized belonging to various chemical classes.Flavonoids and fatty acids predominated in flowers and could be considered one of the most reliable chemical criteria for discrimination between flowers, leaves, and stems. Eight compounds have been isolated from the flowers extract and identified via physical, chromatographic and spectral data. Among them 4 compounds were isolated for the first time from the flowers of Sambucus nigra L.cultivated in Egypt.The ethanolic extracts of the flowers, leaves and stems, together with the isolated rutin and chlorogenic acid, were tested for their cytotoxic activity and reduced the viability of the tested cell lines in a dose-response manner. Their activity might be attributed to the interaction of chlorogenic acid and rutin with human anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) as revealed by the molecular docking study