الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Condylar injuries are often a matter of discussion and controversy among maxillofacial topics (Gupta M ,etal.,2012) .These traumas constitute 11-16% of all facial fractures (Chrcanovic BR. 2012) and 30-40% of mandibular fractures . Anatomically, the subcondylar area is the distal part of the condylar process. This area is superiorly confined to the line passing through the sigmoid notch and anteriorly to the line obliquely connecting the sigmoid notch to the masseter tuberosity . This area has a great clinical value due to important components such as the facial nerve and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Both of these are prone to functional disability due to either the fracture itself, or the surgical intervention. Different stages of dislocation, displacement, comminution and fracture line are dependent on the force magnitude, point of application and transmission, and the patient’s mandibular position and occlusion, during the trauma . One of the reasons that cause condylar fractures to be of paramount importance in maxillofacial surgery, is that many ensuing complications are connected to a condylar fracture, whether it is treated or not. Even though early clinical results are seen to be good, complications such as pain, restriction of movement, muscle spasms, mandibular deviation, malocclusion, pathologic alterations of the TMJ, osteonecrosis, facial asymmetry, and ankylosis may be evident later (Fayazi S,etal.,2013) . Other complications related to the condylar fracture are ranged from tympanic bone fracture, fracture of mandibular fossa of temporal bone with or without dislocation of the condylar segment into the middle cranial fossa, injury to the cranial nerves, vascular damage and bleeding, growth inhibition and arteriovenous fistula . (Choi SS, Rotaru H& Kim SG,2007)
As there are controversies around management of condylar fractures, different treatment modalities are suggested in this study . Th