الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted to measure the effect of different staining solutions on color stability of different bioactive restorative materials used in the anterior region. A total of 90 samples of two different bioactive anterior restorative materials of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were used in this study. The samples were equally divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the 3 levels of the study; Level 1: Restorative material, Level 2: Immersion solution, and Level 3: Aging time. Restorative materials were light cured resin modified glass ionomer, bioactive composite in its light cure mode, and bioactive composite in its chemical cure mode. Immersion solutions were artificial saliva at 35°C, coffee at 70°C, and tea at 70°C. Color measurements were taken at different aging time; baseline color after 24 hours in artificial saliva, one day after immersion solution, one week after immersion solution, and one month after immersion solution.
For color measurements, VITA Easyshade® V (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) was used. The ΔE*ab = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]½ was applied to calculate ΔE. The acceptable threshold considered by the study was ΔE*ab=2.7. Three-way mixed model ANOVA was used to study the effect of different tested variables and their interaction on color change (ΔE). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 26 for Windows.
The results of this study showed that there was a significant interaction between restorative material, immersion solution and aging time on color change (ΔE) (p<0.001). The one-Way ANOVA results of this study showed that for the 3 tested durations, different groups of restorative materials were significantly different (p<0.001). In artificial saliva (s0), the highest value of color change was found with Fuji II LC™ (m1) followed by ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE™ in its chemical cure mode (m3) while the lowest value was found with ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE™ in its light cure mode (m2). In coffee (s1) and tea (s2), the highest value of color change was found with ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE™ in its chemical cure mode (m3) followed by ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE™ in its light cure mode (m2) while the lowest value was found with Fuji II LC™ (m1).
For all tested restorative materials, there was a significant difference between different groups of immersion solution (p<0.001) for the 3 tested durations. The highest value of color change was found with coffee at 70°C (s1) followed by tea at 70°C (s2) while the lowest value was found with the control group of artificial saliva at 35°C (s0). Regardless the restorative material or the immersion solution, there was a statistically significant difference between all aging times (p<0.001). The highest value was found in one month after immersion solution group (ΔE3) followed by one week after immersion solution group (ΔE2) while the lowest value was found with one day after immersion solution group (ΔE1).