الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 269 |  |  |
| | | from | 269 | | |
Abstract
In the battle towards the discovery of a cancer vaccine, scientists are chasing
safe, effective, and natural-based candidates. Their aim is to prompt a strong longterm
immunity and establish an immune memory, hence, putatively prevent, and treat
cancer, and limit the recurrence of an already excised tumor mass.
Pathogen-based cancer immunotherapy is getting more consideration with
some trials already applied clinically as the use of HPV and HBV vaccine a
preventive measure against cancer cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively.
Additionally, BCG vaccine is used as a therapeutic tool for cancer of urinary bladder.Lots of experimental trials showed potent antineoplastic of some parasites and
their antigens. The proposed mechanisms included immunostimulatory and
antiangiogenic mechanisms. Moreover, proposed theory of molecular mimicry and
cross antigenic reactivity between some parasites and cancer cells was also proved.
Antigens mainly glycoproteins which are widely expressed in parasites can be
detected in more than 80% of patients with cancer and have been under experimental
and clinical investigations as markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Those
glycoproteins included the Thomsen Friedenreich (TF) and Thomsen-nouveau (Tn)
antigens among others.