الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Quinolones (Qs) are a group of antibiotics widely used because of their broad spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The new fluoroquinolones(FQs) exhibit a more potent and broader spectrum antibacterial activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties.Although FQs are generally safe and well tolerated, moderate to severe toxicity events have been reported for some of them, leading to their restriction, suspension or even withdrawal from the market.The most common FQ-related adverse effects (AEs) are usually mild and involve the gastrointestinal tract (e.g.nausea and diarrhea) and the central nervous system (e.g. headache and dizziness).The severe AEs(e.g.arthropathy, dysglycaemia and phototoxicity).with increased reports on Ciprofloxacin induction of chondrotoxicity and tendinopathy in animal experiment and clinical experience which is of great clinical concern a comprehensive survey and review of literature on reported ciprofloxacin induced chondrotoxicity and tendinopathy in humans and animals were performed and these side effects were attributed to oxidative stress caused by fluoroquinolones.
This study was applied on swiss albino male rats to investigate Ciprofloxacin effects on plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA),as well as,on catalase levels to measure oxidative stress.Also on calcium, magnisum and alkaline phosphatase as routine bone markers formation.PCR investigation of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GSR) for quantitative estimation of oxidative stress marker genes also different microbial strains susceptibility to quinolones was applied and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in presence and absence of glutathione.Rats were divided into 4 groups,Ciprofloxacin (800 mg/kg)body weight was administered for 15 days alone and with (200mg/kg) glutathione.The data obtained demonstrated that plasma MDA levels were highly elevated by the antibiotic and catalase activity was significantly decreased by ciprofloxacin administration and these results were corrected by the administration of the antioxidant glutathione while there was highly significant decrease in calcium and magnesium levels with highly significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase levels which were corrected in the group administered ciprofloxacin plus glutathione.PCR results also indicated highly significant elevation of (GPX) and (GSR) in ciprofloxacin group compared with the control and the group administered ciprofloxacin with glutathione.So this study supplies further evidence that fluoroquinolones at therapeutic doses promote oxidative stress and the crucial therapeutic role of glutathione supplementation on immature rat bone and health .
Keywords: fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin toxicity, oxidative stress, glutathione, Antioxidants