الفهرس 
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Abstract
MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells present in all tissues. As multipotent cells, MSCs can differentiate into multiple lineages, and they are proposed as potential sources for regenerative modalities. Thus, one of the goals of regenerative medicine is to ameliorate inflammatory bowel diseases by harnessing the power of stem cells to initiate their differentiation into intestinal stem like cells using activin A and fibroblastic growth factor.
Activin A has been recognized as a multifunctional cytokine expressed in a wide range of tissues and cells, also activin A is used for differentiation of stem cell into definitive endoderm (DE).
Inflammatory bowel diseases are group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestinal wall.they include ulcerative colitis and crohns diseases. They are considered a major risk factor for gastrointestinal tumors. Interventions in IBD can successfully decrease the incidence and progression of gastrointestinal cancer; however, traditional therapies for IBD are insufficient, and novel options for therapeutic treatment of this condition are urgently needed.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Activin A in differentiation of MSCs into definitive endodermal cells which can be used as a future therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
In this study, 15 bone marrow samples and 25 umbilical cord samples were used for isolation of MSCs and induction of their differentiation to definitive endodermal cells, it was held at Clinical Pathology Department, Obestatric and Gynacology Department, Menuofia University during the period from March 2020 to December 2021.
Bone marrow was the original source of MSCs, and still is the most frequently utilized. However, it has several limitations.so MSCs were also obtained from umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. The umbilical cord is available after a birth. It is normally discarded and poses no risk for collection.