الفهرس 
Phentolamine as a protector against Contrast induced nephropathy after diagnostic or percutaneous coronary intervention
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Abstract
Objective: Recent studies have shown that chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of contrast induced acute kidney injury in coronary artery disease,(CAD) patients candidate for intervention cardiology. We aimed to study renal protection using intravenous infusion (IV) phentolamine infusion in moderate to severe chronic renal impairment patients presented with chronic coronary syndromes ,(CCS) after episodes of Acute coronary syndromes ,(ACS) and planned for diagnostic or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The second end point measures were as follows: Increased serum creatinine, (SCr), level after 48 hours of procedure, the requirement for dialysis, Major adverse cardiac events, (MACCE), and short-term all-cause mortality during hospital stay and for 3 months of follow up. Methods: A hundred and seven consecutive CKD patients were hospitalized for elective coronary intervention as a diagnostic and treatment strategy for CCS. Patients were divided into two groups according to convinent CIN prevention strategy including hydration , N-acetylcysteiene as acontrol group included 52 patiets and a second group included 55 patients for CIN prevention using intra venous phentolamine infusion in addition to convinent preventive strategy as 2 phentolamine group