الفهرس 
The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Galantamine in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats
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Abstract
Objective: The fact that rehabilitation besides central cholinergic enhancement contributes in improving neuronal function and spastic plasticity, suggests that cholinergic drugs with high anti-inflammatory potential, alone or with exercise may be of value in the management of multiple sclerosis. Hence, this study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of galantamine with/without exercise in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Methods: Sedentary and 14 days exercised male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to EAE. Hereafter, exercised rats continued on rotarod for 17 consecutive days. At the onset of score 1 symptoms (day 13), EAE sedentary/exercised groups were subdivided into untreated and post treated with galantamine or mitoxantrone. The disease progression was assessed by EAE score, motor performance, and biochemically using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Spinal cord samples were used for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Galantamine decreased EAE score of sedentary/exercised rats and enhanced their motor performance. Galantamine with/without exercise inhibited CSF levels of TNF-Ü, IL-6, and Bax, besides caspase-3 and Foxp3 expression in the spinal cord. Contrariwise, it has elevated CSF level of BDNF and Bcl-2 and enhanced remyelination of spinal cord neurons. Galantamine effect surpassed that of mitoxantrone on EAE scores, motor performance, TNF-Ü, and specifically apoptotic markers. Noteworthy, exercise boosted both drugs effects on Bcl-2 and Bax