الفهرس 
Efficacy of certain biopesticides on thedesert locust, schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
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Abstract
ocust, entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Beauveria bassiana and spinetoram, also to study of biochemical changes due to nematode infection were evaluated using only the 5thnymphal stage infected with H. bacteriophora (HP88) and evaluated The biochemical changes of spinetoram on detoxifying enzymes activities and total protein of the 3rd and 5th instar nymphs. from tested EPN usingtwo local EPN species namely Heterorhabditis indicaand Steinernema carpocapsae and two imported species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora(HP88), and Steinernema riobrave, the efficacy of the tested four EPN species on different stages ( 3rd, 5th, and adult males and females), four nematode infective juveniles (IJs) concentrations, namely 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 IJs of EPN species.The current study revealed that the 3rd nymphs were more susceptible to the four tested nematode species when compared with the 5th nymphs. Meanwhile, adult females were more susceptible to the four tested nematodes when compared with adult males. Generally,we have recorded that the four tested nematodes were very effective against 3rd, 5th, male and female, while the 3rd and 5th nymphs were more susceptible than adult males and females.Biochemical changes were evaluated in both healthy and infected nymphs H. bacteriophora (HP88) nematode infected 5th nymphs. Total protein contents were measured in both healthy and infected nymphs with varied results. Enzymatic changes in the concentrations of alpha and beta esterases as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases were also evaluated. In this part, two nematode juvenile concentrations 1000 and 2000 IJs were used to infect the 5th nymphal stages. Levels of the enzyme alpha esterase has elevated with a percentage of 2.57% using 1000 nematode IJs and incresed by 14.94% when 2000 nematode IJs were applied. While the beta estaerase has increased by 34.86% using 1000 nematode IJs and decreased dramaticaly by 48.86% when 2000 of nematode IJs were applied. In contrast, acid phosphatase has increased with 14.7% using 1000 nematode IJs and decreased up to 22.1% whwn 2000 nematode IJs were usedeptible than the 3rd and 5th nymphs