الفهرس 
Effect of vitamin d and calcium supplementation on immune & Inflammatory responses of adipose tissue in exercising obese male albino rats
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Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the most important health challenges that may cause several complications and low-grade chronic inflammation as there is a close relationship between adipose tissue and the immune system. In addition, Vitamin D is an important regulator of the immune system in general, also Calcium has been shown to modulate the inflammatory response. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of vitamin D supplementation with or without added calcium in addition to the effect of exercise on; obesity indices, obesity induced insulin resistance, resident immune cells & inflammatory response in adipose tissue of HFD-induced obesity. Another aim of the study was to clarify the interplay between the immuno-modulatory effect of vitamin D, calcium, and exercise, and explore their possibletherapeutic potential in obesity and its induced insulin resistance and explore the crosstalk between the local inflammatory and immune responses in adipose tissue & their contribution to the development of obesity induced insulin resistanceResults: Vitamin D supplementation yielded a significant decrease in the mean values of weight gain, BMI, epididymal fat weight, serum glucose level, serum insulin level, insulin resistance, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CD8 T cells but no effect on CD4 was observed when compared with their corresponding value in the subgroup 2A. However it yielded a significant increase in the mean values of UCP-2, lipase gene expression, IL-10 and serum vitamin D level which denotes the favorable effects of vitamin D on these parameters